দেশের উত্তরাঞ্চলের সঙ্গে সড়ক যোগাযোগ স্থাপনে ১৯৯৮ সালে উদ্বোধন করা হয় বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতু। তবে দ্র“তই এতে ফাটল ধরা পড়ে। তখন কমিয়ে আনা হয় ট্রেনের গতি। ফাটলের কারণ উদ্ঘাটনে কয়েক দফা গবেষণাও চলে। ২০১৩ সালে ফাটলগুলো মেরামত করা হয়। সেতুটির ফাটলের কারণ, বর্তমান অবস্থা ও ভবিষ্যৎ নিয়ে অনুসন্ধান করেছে শেয়ার বিজ। এ নিয়ে ধারাবাহিক আয়োজনের দ্বিতীয় পর্ব
ইসমাইল আলী : যমুনা নদীর ওপর সেতু নির্মাণের সময় এর আয়ুষ্কাল ধরা হয় ১০০ বছর। সে সময় বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে ১১ শতাংশ হারে যান চলাচল বাড়বে বলে প্রাক্কলন করা হয়। যদিও বাস্তবে তা ১৪-১৫ শতাংশ হারে বাড়ছে। এতে ১৮ বছরে সেতুটিতে লক্ষ্যমাত্রার চেয়ে যান চলাচল ৪২ শতাংশ বেড়ে গেছে। আবার বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে চলাচলকারী ট্রাকের এক্সেল লোডেও ছাড় দেওয়া হচ্ছে। এতে সেতুটির আয়ুষ্কাল দ্রুত কমে যাচ্ছে বলে মনে করেন বিশেষজ্ঞরা।
সেতুটি ঝুঁকিমুক্ত রাখতে এর রক্ষণাবেক্ষণ ও মেরামতে বড় অংকের বিনিয়োগ করতে হচ্ছে সেতু কর্তৃপক্ষকে। প্রতি বছর বাড়ছে এ খাতের ব্যয়। গত ছয় বছরে সেতুটি মেরামতে ৪৮২ কোটি ৬৫ লাখ ব্যয় করা হয়। আগামীতে এ ব্যয় আরও বাড়বে বলে মনে করছেন সংশ্লিষ্টরা।
* অতিরিক্ত যান চলাচল করছে ৪২ শতাংশ
* মানা হচ্ছে না এক্সেল লোড নীতিমালা
তথ্যমতে, উদ্বোধনের পর প্রথম বছর থেকেই প্রক্ষেপিত লক্ষ্যমাত্রার চেয়ে অতিরিক্ত যান চলাচল করছে বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে। প্রকল্পটির সমাপ্ত প্রতিবেদনে এর প্রমাণ মেলে। এতে বলা হয়, ১৯৯৮ সালের জুনে উদ্বোধনের পর সেতুটিতে যান চলাচলের লক্ষ্যমাত্রা ধরা হয় দুই লাখ ৭৭ হাজার। তবে চলাচল করে তিন লাখ ৫৩ হাজার। ১৯৯৯ সালে যান চলাচলের লক্ষ্যমাত্রা ছিল ছয় লাখ ৮০ হাজার। আর চলাচল করে আট লাখ ৮২ হাজার। ২০০০ সালে সেতুটিতে যান চলাচলের লক্ষ্যমাত্রা ধরা হয় সাত লাখ ৩৯ হাজার। কিন্তু চলাচল করে ১২ লাখ ৫৭ হাজার।
সংশ্লিষ্টরা বলছেন, সেতুটি নির্মাণের আগে ফেরিতে যান চলাচল, কয়েক বছর এ-সংক্রান্ত প্রবৃদ্ধি, অর্থনীতির সার্বিক অগ্রগতি, জনসংখ্যা বৃদ্ধির হার ইত্যাদি বিবেচনায় বছরভিত্তিক গাড়ি চলাচল প্রাক্কলন করা হয়। তবে উদ্বোধনের পর থেকেই উল্লেখযোগ্য হারে বাড়তে শুরু করে গাড়ি চলাচল। তবে সক্ষমতার চেয়ে এখনও কম গাড়িই চলাচল করছে সেতুটিতে।
২০১৫-১৬ অর্থবছরে সেতুটিতে যান চলাচলের লক্ষ্যমাত্রা ধরা হয়েছিল ৩৩ লাখ ৯০ হাজার। তবে চলাচল করে ৪৮ লাখ সাত হাজার। অর্থাৎ লক্ষ্যমাত্রার চেয়ে গত অর্থবছর প্রায় ৪২ শতাংশ বেশি যান চলাচল করে বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে। যদিও ২০২১-২২ অর্থবছরে সেতুটিতে যান চলাচল ৪৮ লাখ ছাড়ানোর কথা ছিল। এ হিসেবে ছয় বছর আগের লক্ষ্যমাত্রা অতিক্রম করেছে বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে যান চলাচল।
২০১৪-১৫ অর্থবছরে বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে ৪২ লাখ সাত হাজার যানবাহন চলাচল করে। অর্থাৎ ২০১৫-১৬ অর্থবছরে যান চলাচল বেড়েছে ১৪ দশমিক ২৬ শতাংশ। আর ২০১৬-১৭ অর্থবছরের ডিসেম্বর পর্যন্ত ছয় মাসে ২৬ লাখ ৭৭ হাজার যানবাহন চলাচল করে। এ ধারা অব্যাহত থাকলে বছর শেষে সেতুটিতে যান চলাচলের পরিমাণ দাঁড়াবে ৫৩ লাখ ৫৪ হাজার। এতে ১১ শতাংশের বেশি প্রবৃদ্ধি হবে।
জানা গেছে, অতিরিক্ত যানের পাশাপাশি বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে চলাচলকারী ট্রাকের এক্সেল লোডেও বড় ধরনের ছাড় দেওয়া হচ্ছে। ২০১৩ সালে জারি করা এ-সংক্রান্ত নীতিমালা অনুযায়ী, দেশে চলাচলকারী দুই এক্সেলের ট্রাকের ক্ষেত্রে সামনের চাকায় লোড হবে সাড়ে পাঁচ টন। আর পেছনের চাকায় লোড হবে ১০ টন। অর্থাৎ দুই এক্সেলের ছয় চাকার ট্রাকের সর্বোচ্চ ওজন হবে সাড়ে ১৫ টন। তবে বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে সামনের চাকায় আট টন ও পেছনের চাকায় ১৬ দশমিক ৪০ টন বহনের অনুমতি দেওয়া আছে। অর্থাৎ সেতুটিতে ২৪ দশমিক ৪০ টন পণ্য নিয়ে পারাপার হওয়া যায়। এতে সেতুটি অতিক্রমকারী ট্রাকে প্রায় ৯ টন পণ্য বেশি বহনের সুযোগ দেওয়া হয়।
এক্সেল লোডে ছাড় দেওয়ায় বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুর আয়ুষ্কাল দ্রুত কমছে বলে মনে করেন বাংলাদেশ প্রকৌশল বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ের (বুয়েট) পুরকৌশল বিভাগের অধ্যাপক ড. শামছুক হক। শেয়ার বিজকে তিনি বলেন, একদিকে সেতুটিতে লক্ষ্যমাত্রার চেয়ে বেশি যান চলাচল করছে, অন্যদিকে এক্সেল লোডে ছাড় দেওয়া হচ্ছে। এতে সেতুর আয়ুষ্কালের ওপর মালটিপ্লায়ার নেগেটিভ ইফেক্ট পড়ছে। যানবাহন বেশি চলাচল করলে কোনো ক্ষতি নেই। তবে সেগুলো অতিরিক্ত ভার বহন করলে সেতুর আয়ুষ্কাল নষ্ট হয়। এতে বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতু নির্ধারিত মেয়াদের আগেই ব্যবহার অনুপযোগী হতে পারে।
জানতে চাইলে সেতু বিভাগের পরিচালক (কারিগরি) লিয়াকত আলী বলেন, সেতু আর সড়কের এক্সেল লোড এক নয়। বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতু অনেক বেশি ভার বহনে সক্ষম। এজন্য সেতুটিতে এক্সেল লোড সড়কের চেয়ে কিছুটা বেশি ধরা হয়েছে। এতে সেতুর ক্ষতির কোনো আশঙ্কা নেই।
যদিও বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুতে ফাটল ধরা পড়ার পর ২০০৬ সালে অতিরিক্ত ভার বহন নিরুৎসাহিত করার সুপারিশ দিয়েছিলেন বুয়েটের পাঁচ অধ্যাপক। ত্রুটিপূর্ণ নকশা ছাড়াও অতিরিক্ত ভারবাহী যান চলাচলকে সেতুটির ফাটলের অন্যতম কারণ হিসেবে প্রতিবেদনে উল্লেখ করা হয়। ফাটলের কারণ অনুসন্ধানের পাশাপাশি সে প্রতিবেদনে কিছু সুপারিশও তুলে ধরা হয়। এর অন্যতম ছিল, দুই এক্সেলের ট্রাকে সর্বোচ্চ ২০ টনের বেশি পণ্য পরিবহন বন্ধ করতে হবে। তবে এটি না মেনে ২০১৩ সালে সেতুটির এক্সেল লোড নিয়ে গণবিজ্ঞপ্তি প্রকাশ করে সেতু কর্তৃপক্ষ।
এদিকে সেতুটি মেরামত ও রক্ষণাবেক্ষণে প্রতি বছর বড় অঙ্কের অর্থ ব্যয় করছে সেতু কর্তৃপক্ষ। গত অর্থবছরে সেতুটি মেরামতে ব্যয় করা হয় ১১৫ কোটি ৭৮ লাখ টাকা। তার আগের অর্থবছরে ব্যয় করা হয় ১৯ কোটি ৮৪ লাখ টাকা। এছাড়া ২০১৩-১৪ অর্থবছরে ৫৪ কোটি ৯৩ লাখ, ২০১২-১৩তে ২৩১ কোটি ৮৬ লাখ, ২০১১-১২তে ৩৩ কোটি ২৭ লাখ, ২০১০-১১ অর্থবছরে ২৬ কোটি ৯৭ লাখ টাকা ব্যয় করা হয়। অর্থাৎ ছয় বছরেই এ খাতে ব্যয় করা হয় ৪৮২ কোটি ৬৫ লাখ টাকা।
নিয়মিত রক্ষণাবেক্ষণের বাইরেও ২০১৩ সালে প্রায় ৩০০ কোটি টাকা ব্যয়ে বঙ্গবন্ধু সেতুর উপরিভাগের ফাটল মেরামত করা হয়। আর বর্তমানে প্রায় ১৪৯ কোটি টাকা সেতুর বক্সের ভেতরের ফাটল মেরামত করা হচ্ছে। এছাড়া ৩৫০ কোটি টাকা ব্যয়ে সেতুটি মেরামতে আগামী অর্থবছরে আরেকটি বড় প্রকল্প গ্রহণের কথা রয়েছে।
এ বিষয়ে সেতু বিভাগের প্রধান প্রকৌশলী কবির আহমেদের সঙ্গে যোগাযোগ করা হলে তিনি কোনো মন্তব্য করতে রাজি হননি।
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